The Red Sea Governorate includes many important archaeological monuments, including the Coptic monasteries, the most important of which is the Monastery of St. Anthony in the city of “Ras Gharib”, and the Monastery of St. Paul in the city of “Zaafarana”, and they are among the oldest monasteries that date back to the Byzantine era. “Mona Monastir” suggests a Greek word that has been launched since the beginning of the fourth century on every monastic institution in its own right in the heart of the desert.
The founder of monasticism in the world, St. Anthony He is considered the first founder of monasticism, not only in Egypt, but in the whole Christian world, and he resided in a cave inside the mountain, in the eastern desert, and its height is approximately 410 meters from the surface of the sea at the foot of Mount Galala, which is one of the Red Sea mountains ranges Close to the sea coast at “Al-Zafarana”, one of the villages of Ras Gharib cities, and the monastery is 35 km away from the village of Al-Zafarana.
its construction dates back to the end of the third century AD and the beginning of the fourth century AD, and it was renewed during the reign of Emperor Justinian, who was established in During his reign, the monastery of St. Catherine and the area of the monastery are about 3 acres surrounded by a wall of stone, and inside there are silos Monks, the area of the monastery increased in the 19th century by St. Kyrillos IV. It surrounded it with a huge wall that surrounded the ancient walls that were built in different stages. The wall was built of mud bricks to resist cold and heat at the same time. And al-Qalali, but outside the ancient wall, there are some modern buildings such as rest houses for visitors, the house of solitude, a palace for foreigners’ rest, stores and a library. Among the most famous and magnificent places in the monastery is the cave of St. Anthony, which is located above the mountain; it is a narrow basement seven meters long that ends with a small room where the saint lived most of his life.And St. Anthony of Christ Church that dates back to the ninth or thirteenth century AD.
And amongst the great monasteries also located in the mountains of the Red Sea, Monastery of St. Paula. The monastery of St. Paula is located southeast of the Monastery of St. Anthony, and the monastery road starts 25 kilometers south of Zaafarana, branching from the main road, with a length of 12 km west of the eastern desert.
The monastery was created in the fourth century AD, by the disciples of St. Anthony, on a high plateau, in the place from which the old Israelis crossed to the Red Sea upon their departure from Egypt to Sinai. The monastery includes 3 churches, the first is the Church of St. Mercurius, the second is the Church of Archangel Michael, then The most important of these is the archaeological church: the church that St. Paula inhabited for 70 years has not been seen by anyone. Half of the church is carved into the rocks, and its walls are covered with great archeological drawings. There is also an eye for water which is the origin of life in the monastery, and silos for shelter and worship, and the flour mill of the archaeological grain, the ancient archaeological table. These tools are among the most important architectural elements that provide the monks inside the monastery with their supplies. It also discovered some manuscripts indicating that The Syriac lived in the monastery at a time in 1395, where French travelers and the presence of sixty monks in the monastery were recorded during the Middle Ages.
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