Nubia is an ancient region in northeastern Africa, extending roughly from the Nile River Valley in the east to the shores of the Red Sea, in the south to about Khartoum (in what is now Sudan), and from the west to the Libyan desert. Nubia is traditionally divided into two regions. The southern part, which extends from the north to the southern end of the second cataract of the Nile was known as Upper Nubia; this was called Kush (Kush) under the Pharaohs of the 18th dynasty of ancient Egypt and was called Ethiopia by the ancient Greeks. The lower Nubia was in the northern part of the region, located between the second and first cataracts of Aswan; this was called the Wawat
The name Nubia is derived from the name of the Nubians, the Bedouins who settled in the fourth century AD after the collapse of the Meroe Kingdom, the Nubia was also known as the Cush, or, in classic Greek usage, it was inserted under the name Ethiopia (Ethiopia).Some have also linked it to nwb, the ancient Egyptian word meaning gold. Others associate it with the term nobadis, the Greek name for people who moved to the north of Nubia sometime in the fourth century AD
The Nuba people spoke at least two types of Nubian language, a sub-family that includes Nubians (descendents of ancient Nubians) and many related varieties in the northern part of the Nuba Mountains in South Kordofan. Until at least 1970, the Birgid language was spoken in northern Nyala in Darfur, but it is now extinct. However, the linguistic identity of the ancient Karma culture in southern and central Nubia (also known as Upper Nubia), is uncertain, as some indicate that it belongs to the Kushite branch of the Erosian languages and other more recent research indicates that the Karma culture belonged to the eastern branch of Sudan is for the Nilo-Saharan languages and that other peoples in the north (or lower) Nubia in the north of Karma (such as the culture of the third group and the Blemmyes) speak Cushitic languages before their spread in eastern Sudan from the south (or higher) of Nuba
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