The Egyptian calendar dates back to 4241 BC, as it started before the era of families and the formation of the unified Egyptian state, and the ancient Egyptians discovered then the lunar year and divided it into seasons, months, days and hours, and they were able to distinguish between the simple and leapy year, which represents an astronomical miracle at that time.
The Coptic calendar or “martyrs’ calendar” depends mainly on the ancient Egyptian calendar, which is called the solar (star) calendar, which is the calculation system that the ancient Egyptians set to divide the year, and the year they had was 13 months.
It was calculated based on the sun’s cycle, and it is considered one of the first calendars that humanity knew and most accurate in terms of climate and agricultural conditions during the year, so that the Egyptian farmer has been relying on it to determine the seasons of cultivation and crops for thousands of years.
The Egyptian calendar contributed to setting the different calendars of ancient civilizations, despite their difference, whether solar or lunar, and despite the passage of thousands of years since the beginning of the ancient Egyptian calendar, which relied on the flood of the Nile to determine the beginning of the year, it is also the one who organizes agriculture in Egypt until now.
The researchers believe that the Egyptian calendar was established by the ancient Egyptians and the calculations were conducted according to the sun’s rotation, so that the year is divided into thirteen months, despite a series of changes that affected it later, but it is the most accurate so far due to weather conditions as well as the different seasons of agriculture.
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